Aortic thrombosis as a dramatic vascular complication in COVID-19 disease

Abstract

Objective: To report clinical outcomes of COVID-19 related acute aortic thrombosis (AAT).

Methods: Consecutive COVID-19 patients presenting with AAT between April 2020 and August 2021 were included retrospectively. Clinical and radiological data were prospectively collected.

Results: Ten patients (men, 90%; mean age, 64 ± 2 years) were included. At the time of AAT diagnosis, four patients were in intensive care unit. Median time between diagnosis of COVID-19 and AAT was 5 days [IQR 0-8.5]. Clinical presentation was acute lower limb ischaemia (n=9) and mesenteric ischaemia (n=2). Thrombus localization was the abdominal aorta (n=5), the thoracic aorta (n=2) or both (n=3), with the following embolic sites: lower limbs (n=9), renal arteries (n=3), superior mesenteric artery (n=2), splenic artery (n=1), cerebral arteries (n=1). Revascularization was performed in 9 patients, using open (n=6), endovascular (n=2) or hybrid techniques (n=1). Three patients required reinterventions. The 30-day mortality was 30%. Three major amputations were performed in two patients, resulting in a free-amputation survival rate of 50% after a median follow-up of 3,5 months [IQR 2-4.1].

Conclusion: AAT is a rare and devastating complication of COVID-19 disease, responsible for high mortality and amputation rates.

Keywords: Acute aortic thrombosis; Arterial thrombosis; COVID-19 disease; Mortality; Vascular complication.