Mechanical and antibacterial efficacy of photo-sonodynamic therapy via methylene blue-loaded nanoparticles over dental implants for treating peri-implantitis

Alhanoof Aldegheishem; Rasha Alharthi; Yasser M Al-Qahtani; Mai Soliman; Marwa Salah Mostafa; Syed Fareed Mohsin; Elzahraa Eldwakhly

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103188

Mechanical and antibacterial efficacy of photo-sonodynamic therapy via methylene blue-loaded nanoparticles over dental implants for treating peri-implantitis

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2022 Dec:40:103188. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103188. Epub 2022 Nov 3.

Authors

Alhanoof Aldegheishem¹, Rasha Alharthi², Yasser M Al-Qahtani³, Mai Soliman², Marwa Salah Mostafa⁴, Syed Fareed Mohsin⁵, Elzahraa Eldwakhly²

Affiliations

¹ Clinical Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: asaldegheishem@pnu.edu.sa.
² Clinical Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia.
³ Consultant in Restorative Dentistry Department, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.
⁵ Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 36336320
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103188

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical (i.e., flexural modulus [FM], flexural strength [FS], and surface roughness [R_a]) and antibacterial efficacy of photo-sonodynamic therapy via methylene blue-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (MB-loaded PLGA NPs) over dental implants for potential treatment of peri-implantitis.

Methods: PLGA NPs were synthesized via a solvent displacement method. After the synthesis and confirmation of MB-loaded PLGA NPs via physical (Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM]) and chemical characterization (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR]), the mature dental biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis was produced over the surfaces of dental implants. Then, the bacterial viability assessment of the following five study groups was performed: group-I (diode laser treatment); group-II (PDT/MB-loaded PLGA NPs treatment; group-III (ultrasound treatment); group-IV (ultrasound/PLGA NPs-MB treatment); and group-V: control group included the samples without any treatment. Finally, the FS, FM, and R_a of the samples was assessed.

Results: Under the SEM, the NPs were spherical homogeneous particles having round morphology ranging approximately 100 nm in size without aggregation. The FTIR spectra of PLGA NPs and MB-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated absorption peaks at approximately 1000 cm^-1 to 1200 cm^-1 and around 1500 cm^-1 to 1750 cm^-1. The greatest level of P. gingivalis killing was exhibited by ultrasound/MB-loaded PLGA-NPs-treated samples. The FS was statistically significantly greater for control group samples than any other group (i.e., 100.28 MPa; p<0.05). The FM and R_a ranged between 3.31 and 3.58 GPa and between 0.18 and 0.20 µm without any statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups (p>0.05), respectively.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the application of photo-sonodynamic therapy via MB-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated the greatest antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis without deteriorating the surfaces and compromising the mechanical properties of dental implants.

Keywords: Dental implants; Nanoparticles; Peri-implantitis; Photodynamic therapy; Polyglycolic acid; Sonodynamic therapy.

MeSH terms

Dental Implants*
Lactic Acid
Methylene Blue / pharmacology
Nanoparticles* / chemistry
Particle Size
Photochemotherapy* / methods
Polyglycolic Acid / chemistry
Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer

Substances

Polyglycolic Acid
Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer
Methylene Blue
Lactic Acid
Dental Implants