Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: A study-level pooled analysis of 44 randomized controlled trials

Xuele Liu; Minyao Ge; Xinyu Zhai; Yang Xiao; Yaheng Zhang; Ziling Xu; Zhiguang Zhou; Zubing Mei; Xuejun Yang

doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1009571

Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: A study-level pooled analysis of 44 randomized controlled trials

Front Pharmacol. 2022 Oct 13:13:1009571. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1009571. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Xuele Liu¹, Minyao Ge², Xinyu Zhai², Yang Xiao³, Yaheng Zhang¹, Ziling Xu¹, Zhiguang Zhou³, Zubing Mei^{4

5}, Xuejun Yang¹

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² Department of Urology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
³ The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
⁴ Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁵ Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has significant effects on reducing 24-h urinary protein (24-h UPRO) and improves renal function indices. The current level of evidence-based medicine is still not enough due to the limitation of clinical center size and sample size. Objective: We aimed to update the current evidence on the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and SinoMed were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical efficacy of TCM combined with Western medicine with that of Western medicine alone for the treatment of DKD. The main outcome measure was 24-h UPRO. The secondary outcomes were serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: A total of 44 RCTs with 3,730 participants were included. The summary estimates showed that compared with Western medicine alone, TCM combined with Western medicine significantly improved 24-h UPRO [standardized mean difference (SMD) -1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.45 to -0.74]. Moreover, TCM combined with Western medicine significantly reduced the levels of other renal function indices, including Scr (SMD -1.25, 95% CI: -1.69 to -0.81) and BUN (SMD -0.75, 95% CI: -1.10 to -0.40). TCM combined with Western medicine also showed greater benefits in reducing the levels of FBG (SMD -0.31, 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.15) and HbA1c (SMD -0.62, 95% CI: -0.89 to -0.36) in patients with DKD. In addition, superior effects on the lipid profile were noted in the TCM combined with Western medicine group in terms of TG (SMD -1.17, 95% CI: -1.76 to -0.59) and TC (SMD -0.95, 95% CI: -1.43 to -0.47). The risk of bias could have resulted from selective reports, unclear randomization methods, unblinded assignments, and some missing data. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that TCM combined with Western medicine has significant effects on reducing 24-h UPRO and improves renal function indices and lipid profiles compared with Western medicine alone for DKD. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the risk of bias of the included trials. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=213199], identifier [CRD: 42020213199].

Keywords: clinical efficacy; diabetic kidney disease (DKD); pooled analysis; randomized controlled trials (RCT); traditional Chinese medicine.

Publication types

Systematic Review