Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Jambosa caryophyllus (Thunb.) Nied: Clove Buds

Otmane Zouirech; Reem Alajmi; Hiba El Jeddab; Aimad Allali; Mohammed Bourhia; Abdelfattah El Moussaoui; Azeddin El Barnossi; Ashraf M Ahmed; John P Giesy; Mourad A M Aboul-Soud; Badiaa Lyoussi; El Houssine Derwich

doi:10.1155/2022/4675016

Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Jambosa caryophyllus (Thunb.) Nied: Clove Buds

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Oct 19:2022:4675016. doi: 10.1155/2022/4675016. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco.
² Department of Zoology, College of Science King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
³ Laboratory of Animal and Plant Production, and Agro-Industry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kenitra 14000, Morocco.
⁴ Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health, Laayoune 70000, Morocco.
⁵ Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Science, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30050, Morocco.
⁶ Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5B3, Saskatoon, Canada.
⁷ Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, Canada.
⁸ Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA.
⁹ Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco 76706, TX, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Unity of GC/MS and GC-FID, City of Innovation, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco.

Abstract

Jambosa caryophyllus has been used in traditional phytotherapy as a treatment against infections. In the present work, essential oils extracted from clove buds (Jambosa caryophyllus ) (EO-JC) were investigated for their composition, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. Extraction of EO-JC was performed by use of hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antifungal activity of EO-JC was evaluated by the use of solid-state diffusion (disc method) and microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), against three strains of fungus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum. Insecticidal activity of EO-JC against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus, was determined to assess utility of EO-JC to control this pest. Several exposures including inhalation and contact were used to determine lethality, as well as the repulsion test was conducted at concentrations of 4, 8, 16, and 32 μL EO-JC. Characterization of EO-JC by GC/MS revealed 34 compounds accounting for 99.98% of the mass of the extract. The predominant compound was eugenol (26.80%) followed by β-caryophyllene (16.03%) and eugenyl acetate (5.83%). The antifungal activity of EO-JC on solid media exhibited inhibitions in the range of 49% to 87%, and MIC was between 3.125 and 7.80 μg EO-JC/mL. Insecticidal activity, as determined by the use of the inhalation test, and expressed as the LD₅₀ and LD₉₅ after 96 hours of exposure was 2.32 and 21.92 μL/L air, respectively. In the contact test, a 96-hour exposure resulted in LD₅₀ and LD₉₅ of 5.51 and 11.05 μL/L of air, respectively. EO-JC exhibited insecticidal activity against fungi and pest chickpea weevil.