Translation and adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese and investigation of the psychometric properties of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-BR)

Abstract

Objectives: To translate to Brazilian Portuguese, culturally adapt and confirm the psychometric parameters of validity and reliability of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-BR) in children.

Methods: A sample of 314 typically developing children, 51% girls, mean age 7.12 years (SD = 2.04 years) were assessed, comprising 227 from São Paulo and 87 from the Amazon region. Translation, back translation, cultural adaptation, a pilot study and item review were carried out, yielding the final version of the CSHQ. Psychometric parameters were determined based on content validity coefficient (CVC), test-retest, internal consistency, evidence of convergent validity and internal structure.

Results: The final CVC for the scale was 0.88. Intraclass correlation was 0.98 for the overall questionnaire and ranged from 0.88 to 0.98 for subscales. CSHQ-BR internal consistency was α = 0.81 for the CSHQ-BR total score (95% CI) and from 0.51 to 0.75 for subscales. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a novel 4-factor structure. A positive correlation was found between the CSHQ and the Questionnaire on Sleep Behavior. Mean total CSHQ score in Brazilian children was 46.85 (SD = 9.43), and boys had a higher mean total score than girls, although not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The CSHQ-BR exhibited satisfactory equivalence for the original English abbreviated form and the Brazilian Portuguese version, proving a useful sleep screening instrument for identifying sleep problems in Brazilian children aged 4-10 years.

Keywords: Brazilian Portuguese; Children's sleep habits questionnaire; Pediatrics; Sleep disorders; Sleep habits.