Asciminib in chronic myeloid leukemia

Drugs Today (Barc). 2022 Oct;58(10):479-489. doi: 10.1358/dot.2022.58.10.3441853.

Abstract

Despite the fact that, in the last years, life expectancy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients has reached that of the normal population, a significant proportion of CML patients is likely to fail treatment with first- or second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Failure to first-line treatment is commonly due to molecular resistance or unbearable toxicity. New specific compounds are tested in this setting to fulfill this unmet clinical need in CML; of these, asciminib has shown efficacy based on allosteric inhibition which allows to overcome resistance and off-target toxicity. This review aims to cover how asciminib will change the therapeutic scenario of CML, highlighting its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity. Asciminib will be a possible option as third-line therapy for patients carrying resistant mutations, such as T315I, and/or not eligible for treatment with other TKIs.

Keywords: Asciminib; BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors; Chronic myeloid leukemia; Hematologic malignancies; STAMP (specifically targeting the ABL myristoyl pocket) inhibitors; T315I mutation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / genetics
  • Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / genetics
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* / drug therapy
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* / genetics
  • Mutation
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • asciminib
  • Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors