Patterns of Dyslipidemia in the Anemic and Nonanemic Hypertensive Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mohammad A Alfhili; Jawaher Alsughayyir; Ahmed M Basudan; Hazem K Ghneim; Mohammed Alfaifi; Hassan S Alamri; Zuhier A Awan; Mohammed R Algethami

doi:10.2147/IJGM.S379597

Patterns of Dyslipidemia in the Anemic and Nonanemic Hypertensive Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Int J Gen Med. 2022 Oct 21:15:7895-7906. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S379597. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Mohammad A Alfhili¹, Jawaher Alsughayyir², Ahmed M Basudan¹, Hazem K Ghneim¹, Mohammed Alfaifi³, Hassan S Alamri⁴, Zuhier A Awan^{5

6}, Mohammed R Algethami⁷

Affiliations

¹ Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Borg Medical Laboratories, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: Risk factors of cardiovascular disease include dyslipidemia, hypertension (HTN), and anemia. Our objective is to assess the patterns of dyslipidemia in the anemic and non-anemic hypertensive Saudi population.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of the gender, blood pressure, lipid markers, and CBC parameters of 3111 subjects, which were retrieved from the database of Al-Borg Medical Laboratories over a six-year period (2014-2019), was carried out. Means were compared among study groups and the prevalence, association, and diagnostic accuracy of lipid markers for HTN were evaluated.

Results: TG, LDL/HDL, and TG/HDL were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in hypertensives. Anemia reduces TC and LDL (P < 0.0001) in both genders, and reduces all markers and increases HDL (P < 0.01) in male hypertensives. HTN was more prevalent in anemics with high TC than normal TC (38.23% vs 11.17%, P < 0.001) and in non-anemics with high TG than normal TG (56.31% vs 21.22%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, non-anemics with high TG/HDL had the highest risk for HTN (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.1551-1.2473, P < 0.0001). Elevated TC (P = 0.0142), TG (P < 0.0001), TC/HDL (P < 0.0001), LDL/HDL (P < 0.0001), and TG/HDL (P < 0.0001), and low HDL (P < 0.0001) were risk factors for HTN as shown by ORs. In anemics, high TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, and TG/HDL were not. Importantly, only TG and TG/HDL had a discriminating capacity for HTN.

Conclusion: The anemic state of hypertensive Saudi patients influences dyslipidemia which warrants further investigation.

Keywords: Saudi Arabia; anemia; dyslipidemia; hypertension; prevalence.

Grants and funding

This work was financially supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University through the Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs; Research Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics.