SARS-CoV-2-on-Chip for Long COVID Management

Jayesh Cherusseri; Claire Mary Savio; Mohammad Khalid; Vishal Chaudhary; Arshid Numan; Sreekanth J Varma; Amrutha Menon; Ajeet Kaushik

doi:10.3390/bios12100890

SARS-CoV-2-on-Chip for Long COVID Management

Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Oct 18;12(10):890. doi: 10.3390/bios12100890.

Authors

Jayesh Cherusseri¹, Claire Mary Savio², Mohammad Khalid^{1

3}, Vishal Chaudhary^{4

5}, Arshid Numan^{1

3}, Sreekanth J Varma⁶, Amrutha Menon⁷, Ajeet Kaushik^{8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
² Department of Engineering, Amity University Dubai, Dubai International Academic City P.O. Box 345019, United Arab Emirates.
³ Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Research Cluster, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
⁴ Research Cell & Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110043, India.
⁵ SUMAN Laboratory (Sustainable Materials and Advanced Nanotechnology), New Delhi 110072, India.
⁶ Materials for Energy Storage and Optoelectronic Devices Group, Department of Physics, Sanatana Dharma College, University of Kerala, Alappuzha 688003, India.
⁷ Advanced Bio-Energy Devices Laboratory, Research & Development Division, JC Puli Energy Private Limited, Koduvayur, Palakkad 678501, India.
⁸ NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA.
⁹ School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India.

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a "wicked evil" in this century due to its extended progression and huge human mortalities. Although the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection is made simple and practical by employing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) investigation, the process is costly, complex, time-consuming, and requires experts for testing and the constraints of a laboratory. Therefore, these challenges have raised the paradigm of on-site portable biosensors on a single chip, which reduces human resources and enables remote access to minimize the overwhelming burden on the existing global healthcare sector. This article reviews the recent advancements in biosensors for long coronavirus disease (COVID) management using a multitude of devices, such as point-of-care biosensors and lab-on-chip biosensors. Furthermore, it details the shift in the paradigm of SARS-CoV-2-on-chip biosensors from the laboratory to on-site detection with intelligent and economical operation, representing near-future diagnostic technologies for public health emergency management.

Keywords: RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2-on-chip; biosensors; long COVID; point-of-care.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

COVID-19 Testing
COVID-19* / diagnosis
Humans
Point-of-Care Systems
SARS-CoV-2*

Grants and funding

The authors acknowledge Sunway University for supporting J.C. through the Internal Grant Scheme 2022 (GRTIN-IGS(02)-GAMRG-03-2022) and M.K. under the International Research Network Grant Scheme (STR-IRNGS-SET-GAMRG-01-2022). V.C. acknowledges the Vice Chancellor of University of Delhi, India, and the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for providing e-resources.