Desert plants are the main component of species diversity in desert ecosystems, and studying the anatomy and function of desert plant xylem is of great significance for understanding climate sensitivity and adaptation mechanisms to arid ecosystems. In this study, 11 sampling points were selected in the region starting from the Loess Plateau to the Jungar Basin, the taproot anatomy materials of 9 samples of Zygophyllaceae plants were collected, and the water conduction strategies and spatial distribution characteristics of these species were analyzed. The age, growth rate, vessel number, vessel fraction, vessel area within a fixed measurement range (TVA), MVA, water conductivity (TKp, MKp) and vessel diameter ranged between 1 and 27 years, 43.67 and 678.10 μm/year, 20 and 1952, 4.43 and 26.58%, 8009.62 and 192069.12 μm², 27.63 and 2164.33 μm², 0.417 and 364.97 kg m−1 MPa−1 s−1, 0.000624 and 7.60 kg m−1 Mpa−1 s−1, and 5.57 and 73.87 μm, respectively. The number of root vessels (R = 0.27, p > 0.05) of Zygophyllaceae plants decreased with the decrease in precipitation, and the average vessel area (R = −0.28, p > 0.05) and hydraulic diameter (R = −0.29, p > 0.05) showed an upward trend. This shows that the water hydraulic efficiency priority strategy may be adopted in the root system of Zygophyllaceae plants in severe drought stress condition, and the water hydraulic safety priority strategy may be used in mild drought stress conditions. With the increase in temperature, the root age of Zygophyllaceae plants showed an increasing trend, and the growth rate showed a downward trend, indicating that the radial growth of the roots of Zygophyllaceae plants is mainly affected by temperature. Altitude influences plant growth by affecting temperature and precipitation in arid habitats. The findings of the present study on root xylem anatomical characteristics and life history strategies provides a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas of China.
Keywords: Zygophyllaceae plants; arid and semi-arid areas; life history strategy; root anatomy.