Mycobacterium genavense Infections in Immunocompromised Patients Without HIV: Case Series of Solid Organ Transplant Patients and Literature Review

Aurélie Baldolli; Richard Chocron; Sylvie Dargère; Jocelyn Michon; Claire Daurel; Angélique Thuillier-Lecouf; Renaud Verdon

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac498

Mycobacterium genavense Infections in Immunocompromised Patients Without HIV: Case Series of Solid Organ Transplant Patients and Literature Review

Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 30;9(10):ofac498. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac498. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Authors

Aurélie Baldolli¹, Richard Chocron², Sylvie Dargère¹, Jocelyn Michon¹, Claire Daurel³, Angélique Thuillier-Lecouf⁴, Renaud Verdon^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ CHU de Caen, Infectious Diseases Department, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, Caen, F-14000, France.
² Emergency department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital (AP-HP), 75015, Paris, France.
³ CHU de Caen, Microbiology Department , Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, Caen, F-14000, France.
⁴ CHU de Caen, Nephrology Department , Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, Caen, F-14000, France.
⁵ INSERM U1311 DynaMicURe, Normandy University, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, 14033 Caen, France.

Abstract

Background: Mycobacterium genavense infection is rare and can occur in immunocompromised patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods: We describe 2 cases of M genavense infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and we performed a literature review of immunocompromised patients without HIV.

Results: Fifty-two cases are reported. Predisposing factors were receipt of SOT (40.4%) and autoimmune disease (36.5%). Infection was disseminated in 86.5% of cases. Organs involved were lymph nodes (72.3%), gastrointestinal tract (56.5%), lung (35.5%), and bone marrow (28.8%). Most patients were treated with at least 3 antimycobacterial agents (98%), with a clinical cure achieved in 54.9%. In multivariate analysis, lack for cure was associated with age of the time infection (odds ratio [OR], 15.81 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.92-152.93]; P = .011) and positive bone marrow culture (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01-1.12]; P = .042).

Conclusions: Mycobacterium genavense infection is a rare and generally disseminated disease with a poor prognosis. Optimal treatment regimen and its duration remain to be defined.

Keywords: HIV uninfected; Mycobacterium genavense; immunocompromised; solid organ transplant.

Publication types

Review