A 2.75 V ammonium-based dual-ion battery

Zhiming Zhao; Yongjiu Lei; Lin Shi; Zhengnan Tian; Mohamed N Hedhili; Yusuf Khan; Husam N Alshareef

doi:10.1002/anie.202212941

A 2.75 V ammonium-based dual-ion battery

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2022 Dec 19;61(51):e202212941. doi: 10.1002/anie.202212941. Epub 2022 Nov 17.

Authors

Zhiming Zhao¹, Yongjiu Lei¹, Lin Shi¹, Zhengnan Tian¹, Mohamed N Hedhili², Yusuf Khan¹, Husam N Alshareef¹

Affiliations

¹ Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
² Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 36282179
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212941

Abstract

The popular metal-ion batteries (MIBs) suffer from environmental and economic issues because of their heavy dependency on nonrenewable metals. Here, we propose a metal-free ammonium (NH₄ ⁺ )-based dual-ion battery with a record-breaking operation voltage of 2.75 V. The working mechanism of this sustainable battery involves the reversible anion (PF₆ ^- ) intercalation chemistry in graphite cathode and NH₄ ⁺ intercalation behavior in PTCDI (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide) anode. This new battery configuration successfully circumvented the reduction susceptibility of NH₄ ⁺ and the lack of mature NH₄ ⁺ -rich cathodes for NH₄ ⁺ ion batteries (AIBs). The customized organic NH₄ ⁺ electrolyte endows the graphite||PTCDI full battery with durable longevity (over 1000 cycles) and a high energy density (200 Wh kg^-1 ). We show that the development of AIBs should be high-voltage-oriented while circumventing low operation potential to avoid NH₄ ⁺ reduction.

Keywords: Dual-Ion Battery; High-Voltage Electrolyte; Metal-Free Battery; Organic Ammonium-Ion Battery.

Grants and funding

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology