Pretreatment of mosquito larvae with ultraviolet-B and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induces increased sensitivity to permethrin toxicity

Govindaraju Ramkumar; Ranganathan Muthusamy; Mathiyazhagan Narayanan; Rajendran Dhanapal; Chinnannan Karthik; M S Shivakumar; Govindhan Malathi; B Kariyanna

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11094

Pretreatment of mosquito larvae with ultraviolet-B and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induces increased sensitivity to permethrin toxicity

Heliyon. 2022 Oct 17;8(10):e11094. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11094. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Authors

Govindaraju Ramkumar^{1

2}, Ranganathan Muthusamy³, Mathiyazhagan Narayanan⁴, Rajendran Dhanapal⁵, Chinnannan Karthik⁶, M S Shivakumar¹, Govindhan Malathi¹, B Kariyanna⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.
² Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223, GA, USA.
³ PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational Research Institution, Hosur 635130, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁴ Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁵ Department of Entomology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁶ Department of Biology, West Virginia State University Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA.
⁷ Department of Agricultural Entomology, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.

Abstract

Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Nitro-PAH) are highly toxic PHA derivatives. Nitro-PHAs are emitted by carbonaceous materials and PHA post-emission transformation, which causes water and environmental pollution and also exists as carcinogenic and immunotoxic agents. UV light has been shown to cause DNA damage and improves the covalent binding of PAH to DNA significantly. Mosquito breeding grounds are pools of water that can be large open zones or encased ponds with varying levels of sunlight exposure. This research was performed to assess the combined effects of UV-B exposure and Nitro-PAH on the physiological function of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. To assess the impact of UV-B irradiation and Nitro-PAH exposure on mosquito vectors, parameters were examined: (1) Nitro-PAH availability and its impact on cell fatalities; (2) the detoxifying abilities of cytochrome P450, glutathione-S-transferase, and esterase; (3) the reactions to Reactive Oxygen Species; and (4) The resistance of mosquito larvae to three synthetic pesticides (temephos, imidacloprid, and permethrin). UV-B and Nitro-PAH treatment caused cellular damage and increased major detoxification enzymes such as α & β-esterase, cytoP450, CAT, GST, and POX. The levels of oxidative stress, ROS and protein carbonyl content, nitrite, ascorbic acid and thiobarbituric acid were decreased significantly. Toxicology bioassays revealed that UV-B + Nitro-PAH exposure significantly increased larval susceptibility. The current study concludes that prior exposure to Nitro-PAHs and UV-B may make mosquito larvae more vulnerable to chemical insecticides.

Keywords: Control; Culex quinquefasciatus; Detoxification enzymes; Mosquito; Nitro-PAH; Permethrin; ROS.