Valvular pathologies that induce deterioration in the aortic valve are a common cause of heart disease among aging populations. Although there are numerous available technologies to treat valvular conditions and replicate normal aortic function by replacing the diseased valve with a bioprosthetic implant, many of these devices face challenges in terms of long-term durability. One such phenomenon that may exacerbate valve deterioration and induce undesirable hemodynamic effects in the aorta is leaflet flutter, which is characterized by oscillatory motion in the biological tissues. While this behavior has been observed for thinner bioprosthetic valves, the specific underlying mechanics that lead to leaflet flutter have not previously been identified. This work proposes a computational approach to isolate the fundamental mechanics that induce leaflet flutter in thinner biological tissues during the cardiac cycle. The simulations in this work identify reduced flexural stiffness as the primary factor that contributes to increased leaflet flutter in thinner biological tissues, while decreased membrane stiffness and mass of the thinner tissues do not directly induce flutter in these valves. The results of this study provide an improved understanding of the mechanical tissue properties that contribute to flutter and offer significant insights into possible developments in the design of bioprosthetic tissues to account for and reduce the incidence of flutter.
Keywords: Fluid–structure interaction; Heart valve; Isogeometric Kirchhoff–Love shell; Leaflet flutter; Membrane and flexural stiffnesses.