Hyperalgesia is an occult complication during the treatment of cancer pain, not only related to opioids, but also pertaining to the tumor itself and cancer therapeutic drugs. Yet it is often ignored by clinicians. Patients with cancer pain who were treated with opioids often have sensory abnormalities presented with reduced pain threshold and increased sensitivity to nociceptive stimuli. This phenomenon is clinically called opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). However, due to the complexity of pathogenesis and the lack of clinical diagnostic criteria, the pain management of cancer patients is still facing great challenges. Therefore, this article focuses on the clinical diagnosis, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of hyperalgesia related to cancer pain treatment, in order to provide a basis for optimal use of opioids in the future.
痛觉过敏常常隐匿于癌痛治疗过程中，不仅与阿片类药物相关，也与肿瘤本身以及肿瘤治疗药物相关，但常常受到临床医生忽视。接受阿片类药物治疗的癌痛患者常出现痛阈降低，并对各种伤害性刺激敏感性增高，这种现象在临床上称之为阿片类药物引起的痛觉过敏（OIH）。由于其发病机制复杂且缺乏临床诊断标准，因此导致癌症患者的疼痛管理面临极大挑战。本文从癌痛治疗相关痛觉过敏的临床诊断、发生机制和防治的最新研究进展进行论述，以期为阿片类药物的优化使用提供依据。.