Thermohydraulic analysis of covalent and noncovalent functionalized graphene nanoplatelets in circular tube fitted with turbulators

Hai Tao; Omer A Alawi; Omar A Hussein; Waqar Ahmed; Ali H Abdelrazek; Raad Z Homod; Mahmoud Eltaweel; Mayadah W Falah; Nadhir Al-Ansari; Zaher Mundher Yaseen

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22315-9

Thermohydraulic analysis of covalent and noncovalent functionalized graphene nanoplatelets in circular tube fitted with turbulators

Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 21;12(1):17710. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22315-9.

Authors

Hai Tao^{1

2

3}, Omer A Alawi⁴, Omar A Hussein⁵, Waqar Ahmed⁶, Ali H Abdelrazek⁶, Raad Z Homod⁷, Mahmoud Eltaweel⁸, Mayadah W Falah⁹, Nadhir Al-Ansari¹⁰, Zaher Mundher Yaseen¹¹

Affiliations

¹ College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, China.
² School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, Guizhou, 558000, China.
³ Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (IBDAAI), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
⁵ Petroleum system control engineering department, College of Petroleum Processes Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
⁶ Takasago i-Kohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁷ Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah, Iraq.
⁸ School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK.
⁹ Building and construction techniques engineering department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq.
¹⁰ Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Lulea, Sweden.
¹¹ Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia. z.yaseen@kfupm.edu.sa.

Abstract

Covalent and non-covalent nanofluids were tested inside a circular tube fitted with twisted tape inserts with 45° and 90° helix angles. Reynolds number was 7000 ≤ Re ≤ 17,000, and thermophysical properties were assessed at 308 K. The physical model was solved numerically via a two-equation eddy-viscosity model (SST k-omega turbulence). GNPs-SDBS@DW and GNPs-COOH@DW nanofluids with concentrations (0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.% and 0.1 wt.%) were considered in this study. The twisted pipes' walls were heated under a constant temperature of 330 K. The current study considered six parameters: outlet temperature, heat transfer coefficient, average Nusselt number, friction factor, pressure loss, and performance evaluation criterion. In both cases (45° and 90° helix angles), GNPs-SDBS@DW nanofluids presented higher thermohydraulic performance than GNPs-COOH@DW and increased by increasing the mass fractions such as 1.17 for 0.025 wt.%, 1.19 for 0.05 wt.% and 1.26 for 0.1 wt.%. Meanwhile, in both cases (45° and 90° helix angles), the value of thermohydraulic performance using GNPs-COOH@DW was 1.02 for 0.025 wt.%, 1.05 for 0.05 wt.% and 1.02 for 0.1 wt.%.