Simultaneously efficient adsorption and highly selective separation of U(VI) and Th(IV) by surface-functionalized lignin nanoparticles: A novel pH-dependent process

Abstract

The simultaneous removal and selective separation of U(VI) and Th(IV) via adsorption remain challenging due to their strong mobility, reactivity, and similar chemical properties. Thus, a surface-functioned lignin nanoparticle (AL-PEI) was synthesized to adsorb U(VI)/Th(IV) in a unitary system via a pH-dependent process. In alkaline solution, AL-PEI exhibited excellent adsorption performance, and the maximum adsorption capacities for U(VI) and Th(IV) reached 392 and 396 mg/g, respectively. Discrepantly in acidic solution, the adsorption performance of AL-PEI for U(VI) could still reach a high capacity (332 mg/g), whereas highly limited adsorption capacity (less than 40 mg/g) for Th(IV) was obtained, and the separation factor of U(VI) from U(VI)-Th(IV) matrix significantly reached 6662 in 3 M of the HNO₃ medium. The simultaneously efficient adsorption in alkaline solution and highly selective separation performance in acidic solution of AL-PEI also showed excellent anti-ions interference capacities, high reusability, and strong stability. This study is the first to apply lignin fabricating radiation-resistant adsorbent material, and the adsorbent displays good performance for U(VI)/Th(IV) removal and selective separation via a novel pH-dependent process, which is important to the green and sustainable development of nuclear energy and environmental protection.

Keywords: Lignin nanoparticles; PH-dependent process; Selective separation; Simultaneous adsorption; U(VI) and Th(IV).