Based on double U-groove photonic crystal fiber (PCF), a surface plasmon resonance sensor with dual parametric detection of temperature and refractive index is proposed. The birefringence of PCF is increased by using germanium ions doped in the core and introducing U-shaped notches on both sides of the D-shaped fiber. The polished surface of the PCF is coated with gold film and PDMS as a temperature sensing channel, and the U-shaped groove is coated with gold film as a refractive index sensing channel. Through the design of the sensor, it is finally possible to achieve independent measurement of the two parameters. The sensor has a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 4715 nm/RIU in the analyte refractive index range of 1.32-1.4, and maximum wavelength sensitivity of 18 nm/°C in the ambient temperature range of -30∘C-50∘C. The proposed sensor has broad application prospects in scenarios such as blood analysis, DNA hybridization analysis, and microenvironmental cell interactions.