Prevalence and risk factors of sleep problems in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mohammed A Mamun; Firoj Al-Mamun; Ismail Hosen; Mark Mohan Kaggwa; Md Tajuddin Sikder; Mohammad Muhit; David Gozal

doi:10.1016/j.sleepe.2022.100045

Prevalence and risk factors of sleep problems in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleep Epidemiol. 2022 Dec:2:100045. doi: 10.1016/j.sleepe.2022.100045. Epub 2022 Sep 30.

Authors

Mohammed A Mamun^{1

2}, Firoj Al-Mamun^{1

2

3}, Ismail Hosen^{1

2}, Mark Mohan Kaggwa^{4

5}, Md Tajuddin Sikder², Mohammad Muhit^{3

6}, David Gozal⁷

Affiliations

¹ CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
² Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³ University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
⁶ CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
⁷ Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States.

Abstract

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has altered people's lives worldwide and fostered the emergence of sleep problems. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has yet been conducted to rigorously evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on sleep problems from a Bangladeshi perspective. As a result, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to fill this knowledge gap, which may lead to a better understanding of the prevalence and risk factors associated with sleep problems. To conduct this systematic review, PRISMA guidelines were followed; a literature search was conducted to include studies published till 5th March 2022 from the inception of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh searching databases such as PubMed, Scopus. A total of eleven studies were included. The JBI checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. The overall estimated prevalence of sleep problems was 45% (95% CI: 32% to 58%, I² =99.31%). General populations were more affected by sleep problems [52% (95% CI: 36% to 68%, I² =98.92%)] than the healthcare professionals [51% (95% CI: 23% to 79%, I² =97.99%)] (χ² = 137.05, p <0.001). Additionally, results suggested that suffering from sleep problems were higher among female (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.29 compared to men); urban residents (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.55 to 2.02 compared to rural); and anxious person (OR: 5.15; 95% CI: 4.32 to 6.14 compared to non-anxious), whereas single participants less likely to suffer from sleep related problems (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.94). The prevalence rate of sleep problems was high and the general populations was at particularly high risk. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the trajectories of such sleep problems as a function of pandemic changes.

Keywords: COVID-19 and psychological impact; Insomnia; Mental health; Prevalence and risk factors; Sleep problems; Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Publication types

Review