Mathematical modeling the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection with antibody-dependent enhancement

Haitao Song; Zepeng Yuan; Shengqiang Liu; Zhen Jin; Guiquan Sun

doi:10.1007/s11071-022-07939-w

Mathematical modeling the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection with antibody-dependent enhancement

Nonlinear Dyn. 2023;111(3):2943-2958. doi: 10.1007/s11071-022-07939-w. Epub 2022 Oct 6.

Authors

Haitao Song^{1

2}, Zepeng Yuan^{1

2

3}, Shengqiang Liu⁴, Zhen Jin^{1

2}, Guiquan Sun^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China.
² Shanxi Key Laboratory of Mathematical Techniques and Big Data Analysis on Disease Control and Prevention, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China.
³ School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China.
⁴ School of Mathematical Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387 China.
⁵ Department of Mathematics, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China.

Abstract

The advent and swift global spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) transmitted by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have caused massive deaths and economic devastation worldwide. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a common phenomenon in virology that directly affects the effectiveness of the vaccine, and there is no fully effective vaccine for diseases. In order to study the potential role of ADE on SARS-CoV-2 infection, we establish the SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics model with ADE. The basic reproduction number is computed. We prove that when $R_{0} < 1$ , the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and the system is uniformly persistent when $R_{0} > 1$ . We carry out the sensitivity analysis by the partial rank correlation coefficients and the extended version of the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test. Numerical simulations are implemented to illustrate the theoretical results. The potential impact of ADE on SARS-CoV-2 infection is also assessed. Our results show that ADE may accelerate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, our findings suggest that increasing antibody titers can have the ability to control SARS-CoV-2 infection with ADE, but enhancing the neutralizing power of antibodies may be ineffective to control SARS-CoV-2 infection with ADE. Our study presumably contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection with ADE.

Keywords: ADE; COVID-19; Mathematical model; SARS-CoV-2; Sensitivity analysis; The basic reproduction number.

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