SCLC: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Genetic Susceptibility, Molecular Pathology, Screening, and Early Detection

J Thorac Oncol. 2023 Jan;18(1):31-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.10.002. Epub 2022 Oct 12.

Abstract

We review research regarding the epidemiology, risk factors, genetic susceptibility, molecular pathology, and early detection of SCLC, a deadly tumor that accounts for 14% of lung cancers. We first summarize the changing incidences of SCLC globally and in the United States among males and females. We then review the established risk factor (i.e., tobacco smoking) and suspected nonsmoking-related risk factors for SCLC, and emphasize the importance of continued effort in tobacco control worldwide. Review of genetic susceptibility and molecular pathology suggests different molecular pathways in SCLC development compared with other types of lung cancer. Last, we comment on the limited utility of low-dose computed tomography screening in SCLC and on several promising blood-based molecular biomarkers as potential tools in SCLC early detection.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Early detection; Epidemiology; Genetic susceptibility; Molecular pathology; Small cell lung cancer.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Early Detection of Cancer / methods
  • Female
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Lung Neoplasms* / epidemiology
  • Lung Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Male
  • Pathology, Molecular
  • Risk Factors
  • Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* / diagnosis
  • Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* / epidemiology
  • Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* / genetics