Post-Isometric Back Squat Performance Enhancement of Squat and Countermovement Jump

Michał Spieszny; Robert Trybulski; Piotr Biel; Adam Zając; Michał Krzysztofik

doi:10.3390/ijerph191912720

Post-Isometric Back Squat Performance Enhancement of Squat and Countermovement Jump

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 5;19(19):12720. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912720.

Authors

Michał Spieszny¹, Robert Trybulski^{2

3}, Piotr Biel⁴, Adam Zając⁵, Michał Krzysztofik^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland.
² Provita Zory Medical Center, 44-240 Zory, Poland.
³ Department of Medical Sciences, The Wojciech Korfanty School of Economics, 40-659 Katowice, Poland.
⁴ Department of Sport and Physical Education, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
⁵ Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
⁶ Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic.

Abstract

The effectiveness of isometric conditioning activity (CA) is not well described in terms of the level of performance enhancement and the presence of a stretch and shortening cycle in subsequent explosive tasks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a maximum isometric squat as the CA and a subsequent squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. A total of 31 semi-professional handball and soccer players were randomly assigned to two different conditions: (i) 3 sets of 3 repetitions (each lasting 3 s) of maximum isometric back squats (EXP), and (ii) no CA (CTRL). The jump height measurements were performed 5 min before the CA and approximately at the 4th and 8th minute following the completion of the CA. Due to the high inter-individual variability in the potentiation responses, the best value obtained post-CA was also analyzed. The SJ height significantly increased from baseline to the 8th minute post-CA (p = 0.004; ES = 0.31; Δ = +3.1 ± 5.0%) in the EXP condition. On the other hand, the CMJ height was significantly higher in the 4th (p = 0.001; ES = 0.23; Δ = +2.7 ± 3.7%) and 8th minute post-CA (p = 0.005; ES = 0.32; Δ = +3.6 ± 5.7%) in comparison to baseline during the EXP condition. Furthermore, SJ height significantly increased from baseline to the best time-point during the EXP (p < 0.001; ES = 0.47; Δ = +4.9 ± 4.9%) and CTRL (p = 0.038; ES = 0.21; Δ = +2.5 ± 5.8%) condition. Moreover, the CMJ height was significantly higher at the best time-points than at the baseline during EXP (p < 0.001; ES = 0.53; Δ = +5.6 ± 4.7%) and CTRL (p = 0.002; ES = 0.38; Δ = +3.1 ± 5.2%) condition. The findings from this study indicate that a maximum isometric squat, used as a CA, effectively improved SJ and CMJ height. This suggests that the presence or absence of a stretch and shortening cycle in both CA and post-CA tasks does not significantly impact the post-activation performance enhancement response.

Keywords: PAPE; complex training; countermovement jump; post-activation potentiation; squat jump.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Body Height
Humans
Muscle Strength / physiology
Posture
Soccer*
Sports*

Grants and funding

The research was supported by the Grant Agency of Charles University under Grant PRIMUS/22/HUM/019, and Cooperatio Research area SPOB.