Effects of Multicomponent Training Followed by a Detraining Period on Frailty Level and Functional Capacity of Older Adults with or at Risk of Frailty: Results of 10-Month Quasi-Experimental Study

Ángel Iván Fernández-García; Ana Moradell; David Navarrete-Villanueva; Jorge Subías-Perié; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Ignacio Ara; Marcela González-Gross; José Antonio Casajús; Germán Vicente-Rodríguez; Alba Gómez-Cabello

doi:10.3390/ijerph191912417

Effects of Multicomponent Training Followed by a Detraining Period on Frailty Level and Functional Capacity of Older Adults with or at Risk of Frailty: Results of 10-Month Quasi-Experimental Study

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 29;19(19):12417. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912417.

Authors

Ángel Iván Fernández-García^{1

2

3}, Ana Moradell^{1

2

3}, David Navarrete-Villanueva^{1

3

4}, Jorge Subías-Perié^{1

3

4}, Jorge Pérez-Gómez⁵, Ignacio Ara^{6

7}, Marcela González-Gross^{7

8}, José Antonio Casajús^{1

3

4

9}, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez^{1

2

3

10}, Alba Gómez-Cabello^{1

3

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
² Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia, 5, 22001 Huesca, Spain.
³ Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud en Poblaciones Especiales (EXERNET).
⁴ Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
⁵ HEME (Health, Economy, Motricity and Education) Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
⁶ GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
⁷ CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
⁸ ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
⁹ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
¹⁰ Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
¹¹ Centro Universitario de la Defensa, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain.

Abstract

This study aimed: To analyze the effects of 6-month multicomponent training (MCT) and 4-month detraining on functional capacity and frailty among older adults with/at risk of frailty and to analyze the influence of frailty status on training and detraining adaptations. A total of 106 older adults (80.5 ± 6.0 years) were divided into a control (CON) or training group (TRAIN). The TRAIN performed a 6-month MCT (Eelder-fit), while CON continued their usual lifestyle. Functional capacity was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), while frailty was evaluated through Fried (FP) and the short version of the Frailty Trait Scale (FTS-5). Linear mixed models were performed to analyze group effects and to compare differences in changes within and between groups. TRAIN showed improvements in SPPB (3.2 ± 2.4), FP (-0.7 ± 1.3), and FTS-5 (-5.9 ± 5.8), whereas CON improved in SPPB (0.7 ± 2.9) and deteriorated in FTS-5 (2.8 ± 7.6) (all p < 0.05). Group effects favorable to TRAIN were found for all scales during this period (all p < 0.05). After detraining, TRAIN worsened in SPPB (-1.2 ± 2.7) and FTS-5 (4.1 ± 6.1) (both p < 0.05). No relevant differences were observed, accounting for frailty status between TRAIN subgroups. Eelder-fit improved the functional capacity and frailty of this population, whereas 4-months of detraining caused a drop of these variables except in FP.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03831841.

Keywords: aging; exercise; physical activity; physical function; physical performance.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Aged
Frailty*
Humans

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03831841

Grants and funding

The work was supported by the “Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad” under grant DEP2016-78309-R, “Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza” under grant UZCUD2017-BIO-01, University of Zaragoza (UZ2021-BIO-05), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), and FEDER funds from the European Union under grant CB16/10/00477. A.I.F.G. received a PhD grant from the Spanish Government (BES-2017-081402); A.M. received a PhD grant from “Gobierno de Aragón” (2016–2021); D.N.-V. received a grant from “Gobierno de Aragón” (DGAIIU/1/20). J.S.-P. received a grant from “Ministerio de Universidades” (FPU18/05787).