Objective: To investigate the effect of arsenic and its main metabolites on the apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes Bad and Bik. Methods: In October 2020, A549 cells were recovered and cultured, and the cell viability was detected by the cell counting reagent CCK-8 to determine the concentration and time of sodium arsenite exposure to A549. The study was divided into NaAsO(2) exposure groups and metobol: le expoure groups: the metabolite comparison groups were subdivided into the control group, the monomethylarsinic acid exposure group (60 μmol/L) , and the dimethylarsinic acid exposure group (60 μmol/L) ; sodium arsenite dose groups were subdivided into 4 groups: control group (0) , 20, 40, 60 μmol/L sodium arsenite NaAsO(2). Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide double staining (Ho/PI) was used to observe cell apoptosis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of Bad and Bik mRNA in cells after exposure. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of Bad, P-Bad-S112, Bik, cleaved Bik and downstream proteins poly ADP-ribose polymerase PARP1 and cytochrome C (Cyt-C) , using spectrophotometry to detect the activity changes of caspase 3, 6, 8, 9. Results: Compared with the control group, the proportion of apoptotic cells in the 20, 40, and 60 μmol/L NaAsO(2) dose groups increased significantly (P<0.01) , and the expression levels of Bad, Bik mRNA, the protein expression levels of Bad, P-Bad-S112, Bik, cleaved Bik, PARP1, Cyt-C were increased (all P<0.05) , and the activities of Caspase 3, 6, 8, and 9 were significantly increased with significantly differences (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expression level of Bad mRNA in the DMA exposure group (1.439±0.173) was increased with a significant difference (P=0.024) , but there was no significant difference in the expression level of Bik mRNA (P=0.788) . There was no significant differences in the expression levels of Bad and Bik mRNA in the poison groups (P=0.085, 0.063) . Compared with the control group, the gray values of proteins Bad, Bik, PARP1 and Cyt-C exposed to MMA were 0.696±0.023, 0.707±0.014, 0.907±0.031, 1.032±0.016, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.469, 0.669, 0.859, 0.771) ; the gray values of proteins Bad, Bik, PARP1 and Cyt-C exposed to DMA were 0.698±0.030, 0.705±0.022, 0.908±0.015, 1.029±0.010, and there was no difference between the two groups (P=0.479, 0.636, 0.803, 0.984) . Conclusion: Sodium arsenite induces the overexpression of Bad and Bik proteins, initiates the negative feedback regulation of phosphorylated Bad and the degradation of Bik, activates the downstream proteins PARP1, Cyt-C and Caspase pathways, and mediates the apoptosis of A549 cells.
目的： 探讨砷及其主要代谢产物对人肺腺癌细胞系A549细胞凋亡及促凋亡基因Bad和Bik表达的影响。 方法： 于2020年10月，复苏培养A549细胞，利用细胞计数试剂CCK-8检测细胞活力，确定亚砷酸钠（NaAsO(2)）染毒A549细胞的浓度和时间。研究分为NaAsO(2)染毒组和代谢产物染毒组：NaAsO(2)染毒组染毒剂量为0（对照组）、20、40、60 μmol/L；代谢产物染毒组包括60 μmol/L一甲基胂酸（MMA）染毒组、60 μmol/L二甲基胂酸（DMA）染毒组。采用Hoechst33342/碘化丙啶双染法（Ho/PI）观察细胞凋亡情况，采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法（qRT-PCR）检测染毒后细胞Bad和Bik mRNA表达水平，采用蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blotting）检测Bad蛋白、磷酸化Bad（P-Bad-S112）蛋白、Bik蛋白、裂解Bik蛋白及下游蛋白多聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶（PARP1）和细胞色素C（Cyt-C）的相对表达情况，采用分光光度法检测半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶（Caspase）3、6、8、9的活性变化。 结果： 与对照组比较，20、40、60 μmol/L NaAsO(2)染毒组凋亡细胞占比明显增加，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。与对照组比较，2.0、4.0、6.0 μmol/LNaASO(2)染毒组Bad mRNA表达水平、Bik mRNA表达水平升高，Bad蛋白、磷酸化Bad蛋白、Bik蛋白、裂解Bik蛋白、PARP1蛋白、Cyt-C蛋白相对表达量均升高，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），Caspase 3、6、8、9活性明显上调，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组比较，DMA染毒组Bad mRNA表达水平为1.439±0.173，差异有统计学意义（P=0.024），Bik mRNA表达水平差异无统计学意义（P=0.788）；MMA染毒组Bad和Bik mRNA表达水平差异无统计学意义（P=0.085、0.063）。与对照组比较，MMA染毒组Bad、Bik、PARP1、Cyt-C蛋白相对表达量（0.696±0.023、0.707±0.014、0.907±0.031、1.032±0.016）差异无统计学意义（P=0.469、0.669、0.859、0.771）；DMA染毒组Bad、Bik、PARP1、Cyt-C蛋白相对表达量（0.698±0.030、0.705±0.022、0.908±0.015、1.029±0.010）差异均无统计学意义（P=0.479、0.636、0.803、0.984）。 结论： NaAsO(2)可通过引起Bad和Bik蛋白过表达，启动磷酸化Bad的负反馈调节以及Bik的降解，激活下游蛋白PARP1、Cyt-C和Caspase途径，介导A549细胞凋亡。.
Keywords: Apoptosis; Arsenic; Bad; Bik; Dimethyl arsonic acid (DMA); Metabolomics; Monomethyl arsonic acid (MMA); Sodium arsenite.