Purpose: Patients whose cancer was found during an Emergency Department (ED) visit often present at later stages when survival outcomes are worse. Limited research has characterized the survival experience of cancer patients who receive their diagnosis through the ED versus those who do not.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study identified all patients presenting to the ED between 2014 and 2015 in a rural, regional hospital system with a visit or resulting admission associated with an oncologic ICD-9 code. The chart was abstracted to determine a new cancer diagnosis versus an existing case. Cox proportional hazards (HR) estimated survival time. Patient and cancer characteristics were compared between those who were newly diagnosed through the ED and patients who were not.
Findings: Thirty-nine percent of patients in our sample received their new cancer diagnosis as a result of an ED visit. The median survival was lower in cancer cases diagnosed through the ED (13 vs. 39 months, P < .001), men (20 vs. 32 months, P < .001), and patients aged ≥ 65 (22 months vs. 32 months, P < .001). Factors associated with lower survival were having a type of cancer location other than breast (HR = 1.96; P < .001), followed by being newly diagnosed with cancer through the ED (HR = 1.71; P < .001), and stage IV at diagnosis (HR = 1.70; P < .001).
Conclusions: Patients who received a new cancer diagnosis through the ED and required subsequent hospitalization had shorter overall survival and presented with advanced disease. Future research should address socioeconomic factors that may influence these patterns of cancer presentation.
Keywords: Cancer; Diagnosis; Emergency Department; Rural; Survival.
© 2022. W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute.