Childhood socioeconomic status and adulthood dietary diversity among Indonesian adults

Emyr Reisha Isaura; Yang-Ching Chen; Shwu-Huey Yang

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.948208

Childhood socioeconomic status and adulthood dietary diversity among Indonesian adults

Front Nutr. 2022 Sep 23:9:948208. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948208. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Emyr Reisha Isaura^{1

2

3}, Yang-Ching Chen^{2

4

5}, Shwu-Huey Yang^{2

6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
² School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
³ Research Group of Food Safety and Food Security, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
⁴ Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁵ Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁶ Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁷ Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Abstract

Food insecurity problems still exist among people in low-to-middle income countries. The long-term disadvantages of socioeconomic status may contribute to chronic food insecurity. However, whether childhood socioeconomic status factors are related to food insecurity in adulthood remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the association between childhood socioeconomic status factors and one of the proxies for adulthood food security, dietary diversity. This study used the 2014 RAND Indonesia Family Life Survey dataset with 22,559 adult participants as study samples. The childhood socioeconomic status factors consisted of 16 questions about the participants' conditions when they were 12 years old. Adult dietary diversity was assessed using the United Nations World Food Programme's food consumption score. A linear regression model was used to analyze the association between variables. This study found that the number of owned books (β coef.: 3.713-7.846, p < 0.001), the use of safe drinking-water sources (β coef.: 0.707-5.447, p < 0.001-0.009) and standard toilets (β coef.: 1.263-4.955, p < 0.001-0.002), parents with the habit of alcohol consumption (β coef.: 2.983, p = 0.044) or the combination with smoking habits (β coef.: 1.878, p < 0.001), self-employed with the permanent worker (β coef.: 2.904, p = 0.001), still married biological parents (β coef.: 1.379, p < 0.001), the number of rooms (β coef.: 0.968, p < 0.001), people (β coef.: 0.231, p < 0.001), and younger siblings (β coef.: 0.209-0.368, p < 0.001-0.039) in the same house were positively and significantly associated with the outcome variable. Furthermore, in the order of childhood socioeconomic status factors, self-employment without permanent workers and casual work types (β coef.: -9.661 to -2.094, p < 0.001-0.001), houses with electricity facilities (β coef.: -4.007, p < 0.001), and parents with smoking habits (β coef.: -0.578, p = 0.006) were negatively and significantly associated with the food security proxy. In conclusion, childhood and early socioeconomic disadvantage is related to adult food security status and may lead to poor health.

Keywords: Indonesian; adult; childhood; dietary diversity; socioeconomic status.