Parallel roles of neuroinflammation in feline and human epilepsies

Sophie Binks; Simon Lamquet; Abbe H Crawford; Alfred Meurs; Sarosh R Irani; Akos Pakozdy

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105912

Parallel roles of neuroinflammation in feline and human epilepsies

Vet J. 2022 Dec:290:105912. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105912. Epub 2022 Oct 6.

Authors

Sophie Binks¹, Simon Lamquet², Abbe H Crawford³, Alfred Meurs², Sarosh R Irani⁴, Akos Pakozdy⁵

Affiliations

¹ Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. Electronic address: sophie.binks@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.
² Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
³ Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
⁴ Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
⁵ University Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.

Abstract

Autoimmune encephalitis refers to a group of disorders characterised by a non-infectious encephalitis, often with prominent seizures and surface neuronal autoantibodies. AE is an important cause of new-onset refractory status epilepticus in humans and is frequently responsive to immunotherapies including corticosteroids, plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin G and rituximab. Recent research suggests that parallel autoantibodies can be detected in non-human mammalian species. The best documented example is leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1)-antibodies in domestic cats with limbic encephalitis (LE). In this review, we discuss the role of neuroinflammation and autoantibodies in human and feline epilepsy and LE.

Keywords: Autoimmune; Cats; Contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2); Encephalitis; Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1).

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Autoantibodies
Cat Diseases* / etiology
Cat Diseases* / therapy
Cats
Encephalitis* / therapy
Encephalitis* / veterinary
Epilepsy* / therapy
Epilepsy* / veterinary
Humans
Limbic Encephalitis* / veterinary
Mammals
Neuroinflammatory Diseases / veterinary

Substances

Autoantibodies

Grants and funding

MR/V007173/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom