Evaluation of Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Among Saudi Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Longer Duration of Diabetes

Nawaf A Alshammari; Abdulaziz A Alodhayani; Salini S Joy; Arthur Isnani; Muhammad Mujammami; Assim A Alfadda; Khalid Siddiqui

doi:10.2147/DMSO.S364933

Evaluation of Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Among Saudi Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Longer Duration of Diabetes

Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2022 Sep 28:15:3007-3014. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S364933. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Nawaf A Alshammari^#^{1

2}, Abdulaziz A Alodhayani^#³, Salini S Joy⁴, Arthur Isnani⁵, Muhammad Mujammami^{1

4

6}, Assim A Alfadda^{4

5

6}, Khalid Siddiqui⁴

Affiliations

¹ University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
² King Salman Specialist Hospital, Diabetes and Endocrine Center, Hail Health Cluster, Hail, Hail Region, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Family and Community Medicine College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: Neuropathy is the most common microvascular complications among diabetic patients. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the predominant variety which may associate with increased in mortality and morbidity among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective: To assess the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its correlation with risk factors among T2DM.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study, data was collected from a previous cohort study conducted at the University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data of T2DM patients were collected from case report form, included demographic data, history of chronic diabetes neuropathy, and laboratory reports. Statistical analysis includes Student`s t test, chi square test, and Pearson correlation and logistic regression were performed.

Results: A total of 430 patients with T2DM data was collected and analyzed, and of them 54% were females, with the mean age of 55.88 years. The prevalence of diabetic neuropathy among study participants were 40.2%, and 73.3% of them having the subtype polyneuropathy. The mean BMI; p = 0.006, FBS; p < 0.001, HbA1c; p < 0.001, cholesterol p = 0.001, LDL; p < 0.001, and triglyceride; p < 0.001 levels were a significantly higher among participants with diabetic neuropathy than without neuropathy. The male gender (Risk Ratio: 1.294, 95% CI:1.090, 1.536) p = 0.003, fasting blood glucose (Risk Ratio: 1.157, 95% CI:1.051, 1.273) p = 0.003 Cholesterol (Risk Ratio: 1.588, 95% CI:1.174, 2.147) p = 0.003, triglyceride (Risk Ratio: 1.290, 95% CI:1.086, 1.538), p = 0.004, and LDL (Risk Ratio: 1.299, 95% CI:1.073, 1.574), p = 0.007) were found to be significant risk factors for DPN.

Conclusion: DPN is highly prevalent among T2DM patients in Saudi Arabia. Poor glycemic control and hyperlipidemia were associated with significantly higher risk for DPN patients among T2DM.

Keywords: diabetic peripheral neuropathy; glycemic control; hyperlipidemia; type 2 diabetes.