Effect of Graphene Oxide and Temperature on Electrochemical Polymerization of Pyrrole and Its Stability Performance in a Novel Eutectic Solvent (Choline Chloride-Phenol) for Supercapacitor Applications

Hani K Ismail; Idrees B Qader; Hasan F Alesary; Jalil H Kareem; Andrew D Ballantyne

doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c03882

Effect of Graphene Oxide and Temperature on Electrochemical Polymerization of Pyrrole and Its Stability Performance in a Novel Eutectic Solvent (Choline Chloride-Phenol) for Supercapacitor Applications

ACS Omega. 2022 Sep 13;7(38):34326-34340. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03882. eCollection 2022 Sep 27.

Authors

Hani K Ismail¹, Idrees B Qader², Hasan F Alesary³, Jalil H Kareem⁴, Andrew D Ballantyne⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region-F.R., Iraq.
² Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
³ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq.
⁴ Petroleum Technology Department, Erbil Technology College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
⁵ Institute for Creative Leather Technologies, University of Northampton, Northampton NN1 5PH, U.K.

Abstract

Polypyrrole (Ppy)-modified graphene oxide (GO) electrodes were synthesized for the first time in a choline chloride-phenol-based deep eutectic solvent at various temperatures via electrochemical methods without the addition of any inorganic or organic catalysts. The surface morphologies and structures of the modified films were assessed via scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The electrochemical properties and stability of the modified electrodes were investigated via cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy at various temperatures and scan rates. The results showed that the specific capacitance of the nanocomposites decreased with increasing scan rate during cycling. Additionally, the specific capacitances of the pure Ppy and Ppy/GO films increased with increasing temperature of the electrolyte (monomer-free), attributed to the reduction in viscosity at elevated temperature. The specific capacitances at 5 mV s^-1 were found to be 1071.78 and 594.79 F g^-1 for Ppy/GO (20 wt %) at 50 and 25 °C, respectively. It was also observed that the resistance in the cell decreased with increasing electrolyte temperature. Ppy/GO at 50 mV s^-1 was found to have the highest capacitance retention of 85% after 2000 cycles, showing better cycling stability than the pure Ppy film. Herein, the incorporation of GO in the Ppy matrix led to improved specific capacitance and cyclic stability, suggesting that Ppy/GO could represent a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications.