Non-coding RNAs, another side of immune regulation during triple-negative breast cancer

Maha Waleed Alghazali; Hussein Riyadh Abdul Kareem Al-Hetty; Zahraa Muhsen M Ali; Marwan Mahmood Saleh; Ahmed AbdulJabbar Suleiman; Abduladheem Turki Jalil

doi:10.1016/j.prp.2022.154132

Non-coding RNAs, another side of immune regulation during triple-negative breast cancer

Pathol Res Pract. 2022 Nov:239:154132. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154132. Epub 2022 Sep 16.

Authors

Maha Waleed Alghazali¹, Hussein Riyadh Abdul Kareem Al-Hetty², Zahraa Muhsen M Ali³, Marwan Mahmood Saleh⁴, Ahmed AbdulJabbar Suleiman⁵, Abduladheem Turki Jalil⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Dentistry, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
² Department of Nursing, Al-Maarif University College, Anbar, Iraq.
³ Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Rafidain University College, Iraq.
⁴ Department of Biophysics, College of Applied Sciences, University of Anbar, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
⁵ College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq.
⁶ Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla 51001, Iraq. Electronic address: abedalazeem799@gmail.com.

PMID: 36183439
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154132

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered about 12-24 % of all breast cancer cases. Patients experience poor overall survival, high recurrence rate, and distant metastasis compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Numerous studies have highlighted the crucial roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in carcinogenesis and proliferation, migration, and metastasis of tumor cells in TNBC. Recent research has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in the regulation of the immune system by affecting the tumor microenvironment, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the regulation of dendritic cells and myeloid-derived stem cells, and T and B cell activation and differentiation. Immune-related miRNAs and lncRNAs, which have been established as predictive markers for various cancers, are strongly linked to immune cell infiltration and could be a viable therapeutic target for TNBC. In the current review, we discuss the recent updates of ncRNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs in TNBC, including their biogenesis, target genes, and biological function of their targets, which are mostly involved in the immune response.

Keywords: Immune response; Long non-coding RNA; MicroRNA; Non-coding RNA; Triple-negative breast cancer.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Carcinogenesis / genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / genetics
Humans
MicroRNAs* / genetics
RNA, Long Noncoding* / genetics
RNA, Untranslated
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms* / pathology
Tumor Microenvironment

Substances

RNA, Long Noncoding
MicroRNAs
RNA, Untranslated