Immunohistological analysis of pathogenic infiltrates in the epidermis and liver of a patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis accompanied by vanishing bile duct syndrome

J Dermatol. 2022 Dec;49(12):1343-1347. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.16576. Epub 2022 Sep 29.

Abstract

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction characterized by extensive epidermal detachment, which is reportedly mediated by drug-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, inflammatory monocytes, and neutrophils. Besides the skin, TEN often damages other organs, and it remains unknown whether they are mediated by similar pathogenic cells that cause epidermal damage. We experienced a case who developed TEN complicated with vanishing bile duct syndrome. Immunohistological analysis revealed the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, inflammatory monocytes, and neutrophil extracellular trap-forming neutrophils in the lesions of both the skin and liver with different degree of infiltration of these cells. These data suggest a difference of dominant pathogenic cells between skin and liver of patients with TEN.

Keywords: CD8+ T cells; monocytes; neutrophils; toxic epidermal necrolysis; vanishing bile duct syndrome.

MeSH terms

  • Bile Ducts / pathology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
  • Epidermis / pathology
  • Humans
  • Liver / pathology
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome* / complications
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome* / diagnosis