Healthcare workers' self-regulatory eating behaviours are associated with being stress-free during the Covid-19 lockdown in Singapore

Abstract

Our study sought to examine the impact of the pandemic and the Circuit-breaker (CB) measures on dietary behaviours of healthcare workers (HCW). In addition, the association between self-regulatory eating behaviours and psychological stress was explored. Our study employed a cross-sectional anonymous survey that examined the demographics, dietary habits, self-regulatory eating behaviours (SR) and their association to stress levels of healthcare workers (HCWs) before and during the Circuit Breaker (CB) in Singapore. The survey was conducted over four weeks from May 17 to June 18, 2020. Snowball sampling was performed in the final week. A total of 707 participants took part in the survey. Due to the CB measures and modifications of work scope and work areas, there were significant changes in their dietary behaviors before CB versus during the CB period (n = 707), with many reducing the intake of vegetables (p = 0.018) while increasing their intake of unhealthy food choices such as canned drinks (p = 0.002), convenience food (p ≤ 0.001) and alcoholic drinks (p = 0.034). Before the CB period, 91.8% (602/656) of participants who intended to have a healthy diet were classified in medium-to-high SR groups whereas during the CB period, 87.7% (575/656) were in medium-to-high SR groups and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.011). Nurses, administrative staff, HCWs of Chinese and Indian ethnicities, staff who did not complete university education and those who did not have domestic helpers were more likely to have reduced SR. Importantly, amongst participants who intended to have a healthy diet, 70.9% displayed no change or improved eating habits and showed medium-to-high levels of SR during CB. Participants with no changes in SR were 2.11 times more likely to be stress-free as compared to those who had deteriorated SR (OR 2.11 95% CI 1.27-3.48, p = 0.004). Due to CB measures and work modifications, dietary behaviours of HCWs deteriorated with increased intake of unhealthy food choices. HCWs who maintain their self-regulatory eating behaviour are more likely to be stress-free. Short screening questionnaires based on SR changes should be developed and explored as surveillance tools for assessment of HCWs' general well-being such that personalized interventions to vulnerable groups of workers could be implemented effectively on the ground.