Background: Allergic diseases are common in the general population. Among the population of competitive athletes (hereafter referred to as athletes), previous studies have mostly focused on the prevalence of allergic diseases and further aspects of bronchial asthma. We aimed to examine the prevalence of allergic diseases and respective medication use in athletes in Germany.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in athletes from different sport disciplines between March 2012 and September 2013 in Munich, Bavaria. Allergic diseases and medication use were descriptively determined using the standardized Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUA). Allergic predisposition was defined at an AQUA Score (range 0 to 35) of at least 5.
Results: In total, 560 athletes (mean age 20.4±6.7 years, males 73.4%, most frequent sport discipline soccer) were included in the analysis. The reported proportion of any allergic condition was 28%, and 46% of the athletes had an allergic predisposition. Sixteen percent of all athletes and 36% of athletes with an allergic predisposition reported the use of antiallergic or antiasthmatic medications.
Conclusions: Athletes had a high rate of allergic diseases, and almost half of them reported an allergic predisposition. Further research is needed to validate our results and investigate the impact of allergic diseases in athletes on the performance and specific aspects of their sport, such as training intensity and duration.