Retention index of FDG-PET/CT SUVmax of the primary tumor in non-small cell lung cancer as a predictor of lymph node metastasis: a retrospective study

Toshinari Ema; Hideaki Kojima; Shinji Mizuno; Tatsuo Hirai; Mikako Oka; Hiroshi Neyatani; Kazuhito Funai; Norihiko Shiiya

doi:10.1186/s41824-022-00141-6

Retention index of FDG-PET/CT SUVmax of the primary tumor in non-small cell lung cancer as a predictor of lymph node metastasis: a retrospective study

Eur J Hybrid Imaging. 2022 Sep 27;6(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s41824-022-00141-6.

Authors

Toshinari Ema¹, Hideaki Kojima², Shinji Mizuno³, Tatsuo Hirai³, Mikako Oka², Hiroshi Neyatani², Kazuhito Funai⁴, Norihiko Shiiya⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, 4-1-11 Surugadai, Fujieda City, Shizuoka, 426-8677, Japan. tema@hospital.fujieda.shizuoka.jp.
² Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, 4-1-11 Surugadai, Fujieda City, Shizuoka, 426-8677, Japan.
³ Department of Radiology, Heisei Memorial Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan.
⁴ First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.

Abstract

Background: Accurate staging of non-small cell lung cancer is key in treatment planning and prediction of prognosis. We investigated the correlation between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) retention index (RI) of the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma. We also evaluated the tendencies according to the histological types.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 218 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors from 217 patients who underwent preoperative fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) followed by lung surgery and lymph node resection between July 2015 and August 2020. All primary tumors were calculated as the SUVmax at 50 min (SUVmax_early [SUVmax_e]) and 120 min (SUVmax_delayed [SUVmax_d]), and RI. The clinicopathological factors of interest were compared based on lymph node metastasis status and NSCLC histopathological subtype.

Results: The median SUVmax_e and SUVmax_d of the primary tumors were 3.3 and 4.2, respectively, and the median RI was 0.25. The RI was significantly higher in the pN(+) (n = 44) group (0.30) compared to the pN0 (n = 174) group (0.24) (p = 0.01). In patients with adenocarcinoma (n = 145), the RI was also significantly higher in the pN(+) (n = 29) group (0.29) compared to the pN0 (n = 116) group (0.16) (p < 0.01). A high RI of the primary tumor was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis, particularly in patients with adenocarcinoma (odds ratio: 12.30, p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The RI of primary NSCLC tumors can help predict lymph node metastases, particularly in patients with adenocarcinoma.

Keywords: 18F-FDG; Lymphatic metastasis; Non-small cell lung cancer; Positron-emission tomography/computed tomography.