Carbazole and polyhalogenated carbazoles in the marine environment around the Zhoushan Archipelago: Distribution characteristics, environmental behavior, and sources

Zhaochao Deng; Songtao Hu; Leiming Tang; Lingbo Jiang; Junyu He; Keyu Shen; Yongjiu Xu; Rijin Jiang; Tiejun Li; Chunlei Chen; Bairu Chen; Hanghai Zhou; Dongdong Zhang; Jiawang Chen; Chunfang Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129999

Carbazole and polyhalogenated carbazoles in the marine environment around the Zhoushan Archipelago: Distribution characteristics, environmental behavior, and sources

J Hazard Mater. 2023 Jan 15:442:129999. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129999. Epub 2022 Sep 15.

Authors

Zhaochao Deng¹, Songtao Hu², Leiming Tang³, Lingbo Jiang³, Junyu He², Keyu Shen², Yongjiu Xu⁴, Rijin Jiang⁵, Tiejun Li⁵, Chunlei Chen², Bairu Chen², Hanghai Zhou², Dongdong Zhang², Jiawang Chen², Chunfang Zhang⁶

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address: zcdeng2016@sina.cn.
² Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China.
³ Zhoushan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China.
⁴ College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang, China.
⁵ Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China.
⁶ Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address: Zhangcf@zju.edu.cn.

PMID: 36152549
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129999

Abstract

The distribution characteristics and drivers of carbazole (CZ) and polyhalogenated carbazoles are still poorly understood. In this study, 96 samples were collected around the Zhoushan Archipelago, and their distribution characteristics were assessed. The results showed that CZ, 36-CCZ, and 36-BCZ were the top three abundant congeners in most collected samples. The bioaccumulation analysis revealed that marine plants prefer to accumulate CZ and bromocarbazoles rather than chlorocarbazoles. Both the mean concentrations of total carbazole and its derivants (ΣCZDs), as well as individual congeners, are the highest in sediments around the berthing areas of cargo ships and oil tankers. Meanwhile, ΣCZDs of these sediments are significantly influenced by the geo-weighted displacement of ships (r = 0.61; p < 0.05), indicating the ballast water from these ships as potential contributor for marine CZDs. Moreover, the accumulation of CZ in plankton, planktonic origin of sedimentary organic matter, and relationship between CZ and C/N ratio (p < 0.05) in sediments support the scenario that plankton absorbs and takes CZ into the sediments. These findings will promote the understanding of the sources, environmental behaviors, and fates of marine CZDs.

Keywords: Carbazole; Environmental behavior; Marine; Polyhalogenated carbazoles; Sources.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Carbazoles
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Geologic Sediments / analysis
Ships
Water / analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / analysis

Substances

carbazole
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Carbazoles
Water