Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical-based oral function intervention on oral function and care behaviours in older patients with mild dementia.
Method: Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). Both groups received a leaflet on oral health-related knowledge, and the EG also received an oral function intervention, which was a brief one-on-one lesson concerning oral exercise and preventive oral care. Oral exercise included turning the head, pouting lips, bulging cheeks, stretching tongue, articulation exercise and salivary gland massages. A reminder phone call was made every 2 weeks. Perceived xerostomia and dysphagia, plaque index (PI), Winkel tongue-coating index (WTCI), repetitive saliva-swallowing test (RSST), oral diadochokinesis (DDK) and oral care behaviours were recorded at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to analyse the indicated effects.
Results: The EG (n = 59) exhibited greater improvement to the CG (n = 55) in RSST [β = 0.7; effect size (ES) = 0.45], the syllables /pa/ (β = 3.1; ES = 0.37) and /ka/ (β = 2.7; ES = 0.40) in oral DDK, PI (β = -0.2; ES = 0.52) and WTCI (β = -0.8; ES = 0.38). Moreover, the EG exhibited better preventive behaviours in regular dental visits [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.2], daily mouth cleaning frequency (aOR = 1.6) and mouth cleaning before sleep (aOR = 1.3).
Conclusion: The brief clinical-based intervention was effective in improving the swallowing function, oral DDK and plaque control of older patients with mild dementia at 3-month follow-up.
Keywords: dementia; dysphagia; older patients; oral rehabilitation programme; xerostomia.
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.