Association of Blood Pressure Indices with Right and Left Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and Its Mathematically Corrected Form (CAVI0) for the Evaluation of Atherosclerosis

Tzu-Jen Hung; Nan-Chen Hsieh; Elaheh Alizargar; Chyi-Huey Bai; Kai-Wei K Wang; Shahrokh Hatefi; Javad Alizargar

doi:10.3390/jpm12091386

Association of Blood Pressure Indices with Right and Left Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and Its Mathematically Corrected Form (CAVI₀) for the Evaluation of Atherosclerosis

J Pers Med. 2022 Aug 26;12(9):1386. doi: 10.3390/jpm12091386.

Authors

Tzu-Jen Hung^{1

2}, Nan-Chen Hsieh³, Elaheh Alizargar⁴, Chyi-Huey Bai⁵, Kai-Wei K Wang⁶, Shahrokh Hatefi⁷, Javad Alizargar^{6

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
² Positron Tomography Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
³ Department of Information Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
⁴ Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
⁵ School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
⁶ School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
⁷ Ultra-High Precision Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Built Environment and Technology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa.
⁸ Research Center for Healthcare Industry Innovation, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan.

Abstract

Background and objectives: The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is an index for arterial stiffness that is theoretically independent of blood pressure. CAVI₀ is the mathematically corrected formula of CAVI that has been claimed to be less dependent on blood pressure changes. The association of right and left CAVI and CAVI₀ with blood pressure indices can reveal the importance of considering the blood pressure of the patient despite their theoretical independency. In this study, we assessed the right and left CAVI and CAVI₀ and evaluated the main effect of blood pressure indices on them with respect to age.

Materials and methods: We collected the following data of 136 community-dwelling individuals: age; sex; weight; height; body mass index; right and left CAVI and CAVI₀; and systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean blood pressure (MBP). The association of right and left CAVI and CAVI₀ with blood pressure indices was evaluated using regression analysis.

Results: Regression analysis revealed that SBP, DBP, and MBP were associated with right and left CAVI (independent of age). Moreover, SBP was associated with both right and left CAVI₀ (independent of age), whereas DBP was not associated with right or left CAVI₀.

Conclusion: Right and left arterial stiffness measured using CAVI has no different associations with SBP, DBP, and MBP. Both right and left CAVI₀ were independently associated with SBP, whereas neither left nor right CAVI₀ was independently associated with DBP. MBP was only associated with the right-side CAVI₀ in community-dwelling individuals.

Keywords: ankle brachial index; atherosclerosis; cardio-ankle vascular index; cardiovascular diseases; hypertension; risk factor.

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.