Privileged multi-target directed propargyl-tacrines combining cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibition activities

Abstract

Twenty-four novel compounds bearing tetrahydroacridine and N-propargyl moieties have been designed, synthesised, and evaluated in vitro for their anti-cholinesterase and anti-monoamine oxidase activities. Propargyltacrine 23 (IC₅₀ = 21 nM) was the most potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, compound 20 (IC₅₀ = 78 nM) showed the best inhibitory human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE) profile, and ligand 21 afforded equipotent and significant values on both ChEs (human AChE [hAChE]: IC₅₀ = 0.095 ± 0.001 µM; hBChE: IC₅₀ = 0.093 ± 0.003 µM). Regarding MAO inhibition, compounds 7, 15, and 25 demonstrated the highest inhibitory potential towards hMAO-B (IC₅₀ = 163, 40, and 170 nM, respectively). In all, compounds 7, 15, 20, 21, 23, and 25 exhibiting the most balanced pharmacological profile, were submitted to permeability and cell viability tests. As a result, 7-phenoxy-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-amine hydrochloride (15) has been identified as a permeable agent that shows a balanced pharmacological profile [IC₅₀ (hAChE) = 1.472 ± 0.024 µM; IC₅₀ (hBChE) = 0.659 ± 0.077 µM; IC₅₀ (hMAO-B) = 40.39 ± 5.98 nM], and consequently, as a new hit-ligand that deserves further investigation, in particular in vivo analyses, as the preliminary cell viability test results reported here suggest that this is a relatively safe therapeutic agent.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Cholinesterase inhibitor; monoamine oxidase inhibitor; propargyl amines; tacrine.