1 School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, 710072, China.
2 Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA.
3 Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
4 School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics, and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, 710072, China.
5 WHO Collaborating Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.