To estimate the prevalence of dental caries among children affected concomitantly with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM).Electronic databases, including Medline via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Science Direct, were searched. Studies written in English involving children with MIH-HSPM and dental caries were considered eligible. Two reviewers extracted the data according to the PRISMA statement and assessed the bias risk with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria.Out of 535 studies identified in the initial research, only two articles were included in the present review. A significant association between MIH-HSPM and dental caries in permanent dentition was reported in the two included records (AOR: 3.70; p < 0.001). Children with MIH-HSPM expressed significantly higher DMFT and PUFA values than children without MIH-HSPM. However, dmft values did not differ significantly between children with and without HSPM (1.79 [2.4] vs. 1.78 [2.5]; 1.88 [2.73] vs. 1.59 [2.53], respectively.MIH-HSPM lesions were correlated with a higher prevalence and more severe carious lesions in permanent dentition. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously because the findings were generated by only two studies performed by the same authors. Thus, further well-designed studies are highly recommended.
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