Antimicrobial resistance has not been a new phenomenon. Still, the number of resistant organisms, the geographic areas affected by emerging drug resistance, and the magnitude of resistance in a single organism are enormous and mounting. Disease and disease-causing agents formerly thought to be contained by antibiotics are now returning in new forms resistant to existing therapies. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most severe and complicated health issues globally, driven by interrelated dynamics in humans, animals, and environmental health sectors. Coupled with various epidemiological factors and a limited pipeline for new antimicrobials, all these misappropriations allow the transmission of drug-resistant organisms. The problem is likely to worsen soon. Antimicrobial resistance in general and antibiotic resistance in particular is a shared global problem. Actions taken by any single country can adversely or positively affect the other country. Targeted coordination and prevention strategies are critical in stopping the spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms and hence its overall management. This article has provided in-depth knowledge about various methods that can help mitigate the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance globally. KEY POINTS: • Overview of antimicrobial resistance as a global challenge and explain various reasons for its rapid progression. • Brief about the intrinsic and acquired resistance to antimicrobials and development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. • Systematically organized information is provided on different strategies for tackling antimicrobial resistance for the welfare of human health.
Keywords: Acquired resistance; Antibiotic resistance; Biofilms; CRISPR-Cas system; Horizontal gene transfer (HGT); Intrinsic resistance; M. tuberculosis; Quorum-sensing.
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.