Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcome of en bloc renal pedicle control during laparoscopic nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy.
Patients and methods: A total of 126 nephrectomies and nephroureterectomies that underwent en bloc renal pedicle control using the endovascular stapler (45 or 60 mm vascular reload) were retrospectively analyzed. Perioperative outcomes, including the risk of arteriovenous fistula (AVF), hospital stay, and estimated blood loss, were recorded. Complications were reported using Clavien classification.
Results: En bloc pedicle control was employed in 126 laparoscopic nephrectomies and nephroureterectomies on 126 patients with a mean age of 55.7 years (range: 18-94) and a mean body mass index of 29.2 kg/m2 (range: 17-42). All laparoscopic nephrectomies were performed or supervised by one of three minimally invasive surgeons using identical surgical techniques, even in cases of multiple hilar vessels. During follow-up with a mean 23.3 months (range: 12-48), no patients presented with radiological or clinical signs of AVF (91 patients where followed up with either Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography with contrast, or magnetic resonance imaging for different indications). The mean operative time was 91.8 min (range: 45-215). Intraoperative blood transfusion was required in two cases. Diaphragmatic injury occurred in one case but was repaired laparoscopically. Open conversion occurred in two cases with severe colonic adhesions and injury, with one requiring primary repair, and the other managed with a colostomy. One patient developed fever; two patients developed paralytic ileus. Hospital stay mode was 5 days, ranging from 3 to 10 days.
Conclusion: En bloc renal pedicle control during laparoscopic nephrectomies is safe with reasonable operative time, and there were no indications of AVF with this technique over the long term.
Keywords: Arteriovenous fistula; laparoscopy; nephrectomy; nephroureterectomy.
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