Antibiogram, prevalence of methicillin-resistant and multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus spp. in different clinical samples

Ehssan H Moglad; Hisham N Altayb

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103432

Antibiogram, prevalence of methicillin-resistant and multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus spp. in different clinical samples

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Dec;29(12):103432. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103432. Epub 2022 Sep 5.

Authors

Ehssan H Moglad^{1

2}, Hisham N Altayb³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Microbiology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTMRI), P.O. Box 2404, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan.
³ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Building A 90, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRSS) are causing numerous forms of illness in humans ranging from mild to fatal infections. We need to investigate the resistant pattern for different clinical isolates to control the resistance phenomena. This study was designed to provide the resistance pattern of isolated Staphylococcus spp. from various clinical samples in Khartoum State and to elucidate the frequencies of Multidrug-resistant (MDR), Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pan-drug resistant (PDR). Two hundred and ten bacterial isolates were from different sources (catheter tip, sputum, vaginal swab, urine, tracheal aspirate, blood, pus, nasal swab, stool, throat swab, pleural fluid, and ear swab). Isolates were identified based on their morphological characters and biochemical reaction. Antibiotics susceptibility screening was performed using twenty-three antibiotics from eighteen classes against all isolated Staphylococcus spp. following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. The result revealed that out of 63 Gram-positive isolated bacteria, 52 (82.5%) were Staphylococcus spp. with a high incidence of S. aureus 37(71.2%). Out of all Staphylococcus spp., 38 (73.1%) were Methicillin-resistant (MR). The prevalence of MDR was higher in S. aureus (89.2%) than in S. epidermidis (75%). All Staphylococcus spp. displayed resistance to ampicillin and penicillin, while all S. aureus were sensitive to daptomycin and fosfomycin. One isolate was XDR possible PDR, while no PDR was reported in all isolated bacteria. This study provided evidence for the antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) burden in Sudan and highlighted the need for a practical and functional stewardship program to reduce the unreasonable costs of antibiotics.

Keywords: AMR, Antimicrobial-resistant; ATCC, American Type Culture Collection; Antibiotics profile; CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; Extensive drug-resistant; Khartoum-Sudan; MDR, Multidrug-resistant; MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus; MRSS, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp; Multidrug-resistant; PDR, Pandrug-resistant; S. aureus; XRD, Extensively drug-resistant; βeta-lactamase.