Introduction and importance: Spontaneous hemothorax is a rare but life-threatening condition, which is the main cause of respiratory distress during pregnancy and after delivery without any evidence of post-traumatic injury.
Case presentation: A 34-year-old woman, pregnant at 20 weeks, presented in the emergency department complaining of dyspnea accompanied by epigastric pain, with dominance on the left side. Chest X-ray and CT-scan revealed an opacity by displacing heart to the right side. Considering, there was a probability of bleeding from venous arterial malformation. Inappropriate cervical condition two days after the patient appeared thermodynamically stable a cesarean section was performed.
Clinical discussion: Pregnancy leads to increasing the size of AVM by rising cardiac output and hypoxia. Patients who are predisposed to PAVM and intend to be pregnant should be evaluated a priori.
Conclusion: Although the hemothorax is a rare phenomenon during pregnancy, management of fetus following this critical condition requires multidisciplinary assessment.
Keywords: Arteriovenous malformation; Case report; Hemothorax; Pregnancy; Pulmonary.
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