Polysomnography findings in preschool children with obstructive sleep apnea are affected by growth and developmental level

Abstract

Objective: We investigated the effect of growth and development level on polysomnography results in preschool children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: Preschool children (ages 3-6) with symptoms of snoring and were diagnosed with OSA by polysomnography in the sleep center were selected as the research object. They were split into three groups based on their growth rates: restricted, normal, and excessive. Sleep structure, respiratory events, and oxygenation index were compared between the three groups.

Results: A total of 183 (111 boys and 72 girls) preschool children were enrolled. There were 26 cases in the growth restricted group, 112 cases in the normal growth group, and 45 cases in the overgrowth group. The weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) of children in the growth restricted and overgrowth groups were significantly different from those in the normal group. In terms of sleep structure, the sleep efficiency of the growth restricted group was poorer than that of the normal group. For sleep breathing events, the growth restricted group showed a greater apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI), hypoventilation index, and more hypoventilation than the normal group. In terms of oxygenation, the difference in degree of hypoxia between the three groups was statistically significant, and the overgrowth group had lower minimum oxygen saturation during the rapid eye movement phase than the normal group, as well as a quicker mean heart rate.

Conclusions: OSA is more likely in preschool-aged children with stunted or overgrown growth than in children with OSA alone, and the more severe the disorder, especially when accompanied with stunted growth.

Keywords: Growth and development; OSA; Polysomnography; Preschooler.