Objectives: To assess efficacy and safety outcomes in relationship to the number of injections given during Rezum treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) treated with Rezum. Patients were stratified into cohorts based on the number of injections received per lateral prostatic lobe: 1, 2, 3, or 4 injections. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual (PVR), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-Erectile Function, IIEF-Orgasmic Function, and adverse events were collected at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and/or 12 months postoperatively. Results: A total of 179 patients were included: 58, 91, 22, and 8 patients in the 1, 2, 3, and 4 injections cohorts, respectively. Baseline demographics significantly different across cohorts were age, history of urinary retention, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, prostatic urethral length, and presence of median lobe. At 3 months, all cohorts reported significant improvements in IPSS and QoL, which remained durable to 12 months. There were no significant differences in changes in IPSS, QoL, PVR, and IIEF-Erectile and Orgasmic Function between the cohorts at any follow-up. Multiple linear regression showed that the number of injections did not predict changes in IPSS, QoL, PVR, and IIEF-Erectile and Orgasmic Function at any follow-up (p > 0.05) but predicted change in Qmax at 3 months (β = 5.7, p = 0.019). Multiple logistic regression showed that for each additional injection, the odds of gross hematuria, penile burning, penile pain, and dysuria increased by 3.8, 2.6, 2.2, and 3.0, respectively. Conclusions: Utilizing less injections represents a safe treatment strategy without compromising Rezum's efficacy in providing durable relief in LUTS.
Keywords: adverse events; benign prostatic hyperplasia; lower urinary tract symptoms; minimally invasive surgical therapy; outcomes.