A nano erythropoiesis stimulating agent for the treatment of anemia and associated disorders

Monojit Das; Susmita Mondal; Ria Ghosh; Pritam Biswas; Ziad Moussa; Soumendra Darbar; Saleh A Ahmed; Anjan Kumar Das; Siddhartha Sankar Bhattacharya; Debasish Pal; Asim Kumar Mallick; Prantar Chakrabarti; Jayanta Kumar Kundu; Aniruddha Adhikari; Samir Kumar Pal

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105021

A nano erythropoiesis stimulating agent for the treatment of anemia and associated disorders

iScience. 2022 Aug 27;25(9):105021. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105021. eCollection 2022 Sep 16.

Authors

Monojit Das^{1

2}, Susmita Mondal³, Ria Ghosh^{3

4}, Pritam Biswas⁵, Ziad Moussa⁶, Soumendra Darbar⁷, Saleh A Ahmed^{8

9}, Anjan Kumar Das¹⁰, Siddhartha Sankar Bhattacharya², Debasish Pal², Asim Kumar Mallick¹¹, Prantar Chakrabarti¹², Jayanta Kumar Kundu¹, Aniruddha Adhikari¹³, Samir Kumar Pal^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Rangamati, Midnapore 721102, India.
² Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Uluberia, Howrah 711315, India.
³ Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
⁵ Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, India.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
⁷ Research and Development Division, Dey's Medical Stores (Mfg.) Ltd, 62, Bondel Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata 700019, India.
⁸ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
¹⁰ Department of Pathology, Coochbehar Government Medical College and Hospital, Kotwali, Coochbehar 736101, India.
¹¹ Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata 700014, India.
¹² Department of Hematology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata 700026, India.
¹³ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA.

Abstract

The usual treatment for anemia and especially for anemia of inflammation (also called anemia of chronic disease) is supportive care with the target of improving the lifestyle of the patients. There is no effective medication to date for proper management. As the inflammation, erythropoiesis, and oxidative stress are the major concerns in this case, it inspired us to use a nano-erythropoietin stimulating agent (nano-ESA) made up of a nano-complex of manganese and citrate (Mn-citrate nano-complex), which has been hypothesized to have excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Single oral dose of the nano-ESA efficiently prevented the onset of anemia as well as led to recovery from anemia in our phenylhydrazine (PHz)-intoxicated C57BL/6J mice model of anemia without any toxicological side effects. These preliminary findings may pave the way for an affordable and safe clinical use of the nano-ESA as a rapid recovery medication of anemia, especially anemia of inflammation.

Keywords: Medical biochemistry; Molecular medicine; Nanotechnology.