Prevalence of periodontal disease in middle-aged and elderly patients and its influencing factors

Abstract

Objective: To explore the prevalence of periodontal disease in middle-aged and elderly patients and analyze its influencing factors.

Methods: A total of 521 patients admitted to the Department of Stomatology of Fuyang District Chinese Medicine Hospital of Hangzhou from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected as study subjects, including 176 patients aged 35-44 years old, 175 patients aged 45-64 years old, and 170 patients aged 65-74 years old. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe was used to detect gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets and attachment loss, and the prevalence of periodontal disease and its influencing factors were analyzed.

Results: In the age group of 35-44, gingival bleeding was detected in 165 (93.75%) cases and dental calculus was detected in 176 (100.00%) cases; in the age group of 45-64, gingival bleeding was detected in 163 (93.14%) cases and dental calculus was detected in 161 (92.00%) cases; in the age group of 65-74, gingival bleeding was detected in 150 (88.24%) cases and dental calculus was detected in 162 (95.29%) cases. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of shallow periodontal pockets, deep periodontal pockets, and loss of periodontal attachment among the three groups (P<0.05). There wasalso asignificant difference in the detection rate of periodontitis among the three groups (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, place of residence, smoking, alcohol consumption, brushing frequency, and dental cleaning in the past year were all associated with the occurrence of periodontitis (P<0.05). Logistic multi-factor regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for the development of periodontitis in middle-aged and elderly patients (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The prevalence of periodontal disease in middle-aged and elderly individuals is high, with a high prevalence of gingival bleeding and shallow periodontal pockets. Age is an influencing factor on the incidence of periodontitis in middle-aged and elderly individuals.

Keywords: Middle-aged and elderly patients; influencing factors; periodontal disease; periodontitis.