Pretreatment determination of extranodal extension (ENE) has significant clinical implications in human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Unfortunately there is no gold-standard imaging modality for radiological assessment of ENE in HPV+ OPSCC, leading to subjective assessments and complex decision making concerning ENE. A systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy was therefore undertaken, with five databases systemically searched to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an imaging modality for detection of ENE in HPV+ OPSCC. A meta-analysis was conducted on four CT studies using a random-effects model. While a narrative synthesis was provided for the studies using PET/CT and "CT and MRI." Out of 1772 hits, six studies were included in the review. Meta-analysis on four CT studies showed CT had an overall sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 60%. PET/CT had a sensitivity of 37.5% and specificity of 97%. "CT and MRI" had a sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 78%. Further diagnostic studies involving CT, PET/CT and MRI are ultimately required.
Keywords: extranodal extension; human papillomavirus; imaging modalities; oropharynx; squamous cell carcinoma.
© 2022 The Authors. Head & Neck published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.