Sacral osteotomy combined with triangular osteosynthesis in the treatment of malunion and nonunion of vertically displaced pelvic fractures

Abstract

Background: Malunion and nonunion of vertically displaced pelvic fractures result in lower limb length discrepancies, claudication, and pain. There have been few previous reports of this type of corrective surgery for these old pelvic fractures. We present a surgical technique of sacral osteotomy combined with triangular osteosynthesis in the treatment of malunion and nonunion of vertically displaced pelvic fractures and report on its short-term clinical results.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed nine patients (five males and four females) with malunion or nonunion of vertically displaced pelvic fractures treated with sacral osteotomy and triangular osteosynthesis from April 2015 to January 2020. The age ranged from 14 to 45 years (average, 30.7 years). The time from injury to deformity correction surgery ranged from 3 months to 5 years (average, 12.8 months). The vertical displacement of a unilateral hemipelvis was 3.0-4.5 cm (average, 3.80 cm). According to AO/OTA classification at the initial fracture, there are eight cases in type C1.3 and one case in type C3.3. Sacral osteotomy and triangular osteosynthesis were used in all nine patients. The degree of unilateral hemipelvic reduction was assessed postoperatively based on measurements from the anteroposterior (AP) X-ray. Majeed score and pain visual analog scale (VAS) were used to assess the therapeutic effect of the patients during follow-up.

Results: In all nine patients, postoperative AP X-ray showed correction displacement of 1.7-3.9 cm (average, 3.20 cm). All the patients were followed up for 6-36 months (average, 12.7 months). At the last follow-up, the Majeed score of pelvic fracture increased from an average of 53.9 points (30-84 points) preoperatively to 87.0 points (72-94 points), and the VAS score for pain decreased from an average of 6.0 points (4-8 points) preoperatively to 1.2 points (0-3 points). None had complications like infection, implant broken, screw loosening, iatrogenic nerve, and blood vessel injury.

Conclusion: Sacral osteotomy combined with triangular osteosynthesis for the treatment of pelvic malunion and nonunion caused by sacral fractures can correct significantly vertical displacement of a unilateral pelvis, prolong limb length, and reconstruct the stability of a pelvic ring, achieving good clinical results.

Keywords: Malunion; Nonunion; Pelvic fractures; Sacral osteotomy; Triangular osteosynthesis.