Introduction: Human brucellosis is a zoonotic disease in Malaysia. This study analysed six-year retrospective seropositivity trends of human brucellosis cases from 2014 to 2019.
Methods and materials: A total of 1,281 serum samples were obtained from suspected brucellosis patients were included. The sera were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgM and IgG antibodies for Brucella spp. Samples with equivocal or positive antibody index were confirmed with an immunocapture agglutination.
Results: During the study period, 5.8% (n=74) of suspected cases showed seropositivity for human brucellosis. The central region has the highest seropositivity cases of human brucellosis. Consumption of unpasteurised milk was significantly associated with human brucellosis in this study with adjusted odds ratio ((AOR) = 4.56, 95% CI = 2.6, 8.02, p-value < 0.001). The age group of less than 15 years old was more likely to contract brucellosis ((AOR) = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.01, 7.84 p-value < 0.048).
Conclusion: Serological tests have been widely used for the diagnosis of human brucellosis. However, diagnosis using serology is often challenging without the presence of a convalescent sample. In conclusion, even though human brucellosis has a low prevalence rate, the disease has serious public health implications. The usage of effective diagnostic tools as well as implementation of 'One Health' approach are the way forward to prevent and control of brucellosis in the country.